Women Entrepreneurship in India Essay Example for Free

Women Entrepreneurship in India Essay Women are generally perceived as home makers with little to do with economy or commerce. But this picture is changing. In Modern India, more and more women are taking up entrepreneurial activity especially in medium and small scale enterprises. Even as women are receiving education, they face the prospect of unemployment. In this background, self employment is regarded as a cure to generate income . The Planning commission as well as the Indian government recognizes the need for women to be part of the mainstream of economic development. Women entrepreneurship is seen as an effective strategy to solve the problems of rural and urban poverty. Traditionally, women in India have been generally found in low productive sectors such as agriculture and household activities. Human Development Report 2004 ranks India 103 in Gender related Development Index (GDI). As per 2001 census; women constitute nearly half of India’s population. Out of this total, 72% were engaged in agriculture, 21. 7% in other non agricultural pursuits with only 6. % in household industries. Women entrepreneurs in India are handicapped in the matter of organizing and running businesses on account of their generally low levels of skills and for want of support system. The transition from homemaker to sophisticated business woman is not that easy. But the trend is changing. Women across India are showing an interest to be economically independent. Women are coming forth to the business arena with ideas to start small and medium enterprises. They are willing to be inspired by role models- the experience of other women in the business arena. The role of women entrepreneurs is especially relevant in the situation of large scale unemployment that the country faces. The modern large scale industry cannot absorb much of labour as it is capital intensive. The small scale industry plays an important role absorbing around 80% of the employment. The myth that women cannot engage in productive employment needs to be dispelled. They can be encouraged to set up small and medium scale industries on their own initiative. Entrepreneurship development for women is an important factor in economic development of India. Rural women can be encouraged to start cottage industries. Rural based micro enterprises have been encouraged by the government by various schemes-such as Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP), Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM), and Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas (DWCRA). The aim is to remove poverty through entrepreneurial programs. An ILO report on women entrepreneurship identifies the following problems faced by women entrepreneurs. 1. Lack of family support- Sometimes the family may make the women feel guilty of neglecting household duties in her pursuit of business obligations. Cultural traditions may hold back a woman from venturing into her own business. 2. Lack of capital-traditional sources of finance like banks are reluctant to lend to women entrepreneurs especially if they do not have any male or family backing.  This is especially true of lower income females. Women do not have adequate finance or legal knowledge to start an enterprise. 3. Lack of confidence and faith-lack of role models undermines the self confidence of women entrepreneurs. The activity of selling is considered abhorrent to the female gender. 4. Lack of right public/ private institutions: Most public and private incentives are misused and do not reach the woman unless s he is backed by a man. Also many trade associations like ministries, chambers of commerce do not cater to women expecting women’s organizations to do the necessary thing. The government must evolve appropriate policies to help women entrepreneurs. Networking facilities must be provided as well as adequate entrepreneurship awareness training should be provided using the help of local NGOs. Credit facilities must be made available and marketing help must be provided. All these will help foster a culture of entrepreneurship among women in India.

Illegal Immigrants and the Educational System Essay -- Argumentative P

Illegal Immigrants and the Educational System Secondary education is a highly debated subject. Many critics of secondary education say that inner-city high schools and students are not receiving the same attention as students from non inner-city high schools. Two of the biggest concerns are the lack of school funding that inner-city high schools are receive and the low success rate in sending inner-city high schools graduates to college. Critics say that while inner-city high schools struggle to pay its teachers and educate its student’s non inner-city high schools don’t have to deal with the lack of school funding. Also students from non inner-city high school are not being given the opportunity to attend colleges once the students graduate. But opponents of these critics blame an entirely different issue; and that is illegal immigrant students over crowding and attending high school at the expense of taxpayers. It cost millions of dollars a year for illegal immigrant students to attend high school and th is is the main reason why schools are experiencing budget problems. Teaching illegal immigrant students creates a difficult learning environment and that is why students in inner-city high schools are not moving on to a higher education. This paper will explore the controversy and issues of secondary education; it will expose the hidden truths and prove that illegal immigrants are taking a toll on the education system. So why has this become a problem that has grown way out of proportion? An organization known as Federation for American Immigration Reform (FAIR) published a report on Immigration and School Overcrowding, with the help of David W. Stewart, author of Immigration and Education: The Cris... ...ration and School Overcrowding.† Online posting, October. 2002. http://www.fairus.org/ImmigrationIssueCenters/ImmigrationIssueCenters.cfm?ID=1272&c=17  · â€Å"Plyler v. Doe† Online source. U.S. Supreme Court. Gov. 1982. 15 June. 2005 < http://www.tourolaw.edu/patch/Plyler/> 1 Plyler v. Doe also found that there is no fundamental right to education, that Texas had not proved its argument that admission of illegal alien children to public schools would damage the educational opportunities provided to U.S. citizen children, and that there was no evidence that the U.S. government seriously intended to deport the parents of the illegal alien children. The Court could reverse the ruling if these circumstances were to change or if Congress were to make the exclusion of these students explicit by legislation. Source: U.S. Supreme Court: Plyler v. Doe (1982)

A Message from the Pig-Man Essay

Eric is a six year old boy, he is an only child who is going through a though time, because his parents have gotten a divorce. Eric thinks it‘s a bit odd that his Dad can’t live with him, his mother and Donald, his stepfather, because the spare room is empty and no one has used it in a long time. Eric feels like people can’t explain things to him that he does not understand. For example the Pig-Man. For him the Pig-Man sounds like a monster because no one of the grownups wants to tell him about the Pig-Man. One evening Eric’s mother asks him to go out with a paper carrier full of potato-peelings and scraps. Eric Does not want to go, but his mother says he can scrape out the basin, which she had made some cake mixture in. When he gets outside the trashcan is gone. But his mother sends him to run after the Pig-Man. When Eric sees who the real Pig-Man is, a big relief runs through his body, because the big man is ordinary man and not how he had imagined him to look like. Author: Poet, critic and novelist. John Barrington Wain was born in Stoke-on-Trent, the son of a dentist, and educated at Newcastle-under-Lyme Grammar School, Staffordshire, before going on to St. John’s College, Oxford. From 1949 until 1955 he lectured in English at Reading University before turning to freelance writing full-time. From 1973 to 1978 he was Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford. For most of his life, John Wain worked as a freelance journalist and author, writing and reviewing for newspapers and the radio. He died in May 1994 at Oxford. From 1974 his literary manuscripts have been deposited at Edinburgh University Library. Setting: The story is taking place at Eric’s home, in the dining-room and in the Kitchen. Also outside where the bucket is standing, and then where Eric meets the Pig-Man. The time of the story is about 2 days. * Day 1. Where you hear everything about Eric’s life. When Eric is dreaming about the Pig-Man and his dad going on a train together. * Day 2. When Eric is going to bring the paper carrier to the Pig-Man. Characters: Eric: He is nearly 6 years of age and has difficulties adapting to the new circumstances. The complicated grown-up world is taking over. He is very proud that the grown-ups also see him as a responsible young man. There are many questions he would like to ask the grown-ups but is afraid to do so. Eric does not understand why his father had to leave just because Donald moved in. He is worried about being left alone and he does not have anyone he can trust and open his feelings to. Eric’s mother: Is a caring mother. She told Eric that nothing was going to change when she and his father got a divorce and Donald would move in with them. When she wants Eric to go out with the paper carrier, she tells Eric that he can scrape the basin of cake-mixture. That is a way for her to get Eric to do things and that tells us much about how the mother is.

Social Networking Influence On Psychological Health Of...

Social networking: Influence on psychological health of the young people (Outline) I. Introduction: a. Hook: What are the influences the social networking sites have on young people, and how it affects them? (i) Since World Wide Web appeared in the world in the year of 1991, the social media sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, became popular during the last decade. (ii) The social media is widely used in this generation, as 68% of American adults use Facebook, and 28% of them use Instagram, while 26% for Pinterest, and 21% for Twitter (Greenwood et al.). Besides, the Consumer Reports magazine states that â€Å"more than 7 million active users of Facebook were under the minimum required age of 13† and â€Å"over 5 million were 10 or younger† (Strom and Strom). (iii) People’s lifestyle is greatly changed through social media activities like posting, commenting and sharing. (iv) As the result, the teenagers and the young adults in this era are bearing many mental health problems, such as depression, anxiety, and addiction, due to the social networking. Thus, the psychological health of young people is greatly influenced by social media b. Thesis: The social media have greatly affected the young people’s mental health through decreasing real-life relationship intimacy, facilitating cyberbullying, and leading to internet addiction. II. Body Section 1: As the social networking sites have become a dominant part of young people’s daily life, the quality and the intimacy of theirShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Kendal Et Al Developed Around The Idea Of Young People, Eating Disorders Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesQualitative The research conducted by Kendal et al developed around the idea of young people, eating disorders and how this was extended on to social networking, specifically through a discussion forum run by an eating disorders charity. The Critical Appraisal Skill Programme (CASP) was utilised to identify the quality of the research Boeckmann and Rohn (2014). Statements of the aims of the research The aims of the research were instantly identified as the researchers presented the aims clearlyRead MoreImpression Management Of A Networked Setting : Reading Pop Culture, 2nd Ed Edited By Jeff Osbourne1954 Words   |  8 Pages/ St. Martins, 2016, PP, 122-127 In â€Å"Impression Management in a Networked Setting†, the reading focuses on how people and mainly adolescents project a type of fade on social media sites. The author states how many young people today are sad, but when on Facebook only take happy looking selfies and hide their true feelings, so they can get more likes from friends. And even how your social media profile page can make a good, or bad impression for a future employer; forcing teens to be more warry aboutRead MoreSocial and Psychological Factors Affecting the Career Decision-Making of Freshmen Students of Adzu3884 Words   |  16 PagesSOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE CAREER DECISION-MAKING OF FRESHMEN STUDENTS OF ADZU A Research Paper Presented to Mr. Randy S. Magdaluyo Languages Department, School of Liberal Arts Ateneo de Zamboanga University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for English 112 (Research and Academic Writing) K 2nd Semester, Academic Year 2009-2010 By Vallyn Joy D. Ting Ziyada R. Adala Remart S. Delos Santos March 2010 Social and Psychological Factors Affecting the Career Decision-MakingRead MoreVideo Games and Its Effect on Children2187 Words   |  9 PagesOUTLINE Thesis Statement Abstract Sociological Effects * Social Development * Interaction with peers * Relationships and interpersonal skills Psychological Effects * Aggressive behavior * Psychiatric Symptoms * Addictive behavior Health Effects * Risk of obesity * Insufficient physical exercise * Risk of VGRS (epileptic seizures) Effects on Academic Performance * Educational software * Positive effects on learning andRead MoreChild Protection Within the Wider Concept of Safeguarding Children2710 Words   |  11 Pageschildren and young people. National and local guidelines, policies, and procedures determine the nature of relationship and interaction with children and young people. The policies decide on the rights and privileges of children and young people in the society thus outlining how this group should relate to the entire community. National and local guidelines, policies, and procedures for safeguarding determine practice, planning, and organization of all activities in relation to children and young peopleRead MoreGuidelines, Policies And Procedures Within England Affecting The Safeguarding Of Children And Young People6766 Words   |  28 PagesUnit 2. Assessment Criteria 2.1.1. Outline current legislation. Guidelines, policies and procedures within England affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. The Children Act of 1989 introduced comprehensive and wide reaching changes to the legislation in England and Wales, which directly affected the wellbeing and welfare of children and young people. It remains an important piece of legislation as it’s main focus is safeguarding children and the roles and responsibilities of theRead MoreThe Importance Of Safeguarding The Wellbeing Of Children And Young People7106 Words   |  29 PagesUnderstand how to safeguard the wellbeing of children and young people A brief outline of current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within own UK Home Nation affecting the safeguarding of children and young people. Safeguarding means to protect and promote what is best for the welfare of the child and ensuring that there are sufficient measures in place to prevent the child coming into contact with abuse or an abusive situation. As a teaching assistant, you have to be aware of signsRead Moretda 2.2 safeguarding the welfare of children and young people6393 Words   |  26 PagesTDA 2.2: Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people 1. Know about the legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures for safeguarding the welfare of children and young people including e-safety. To be able to understand what ‘safeguarding’ means you must first understand what ‘child protection’ is. Child Protection = is the process of protecting children/young people who are suffering or who is at risk of suffering significant harm as a result of abuse or neglect. Read MoreI Am A Nurse : My Personal Philosophy3873 Words   |  16 PagesNurse: My Personal Philosophy The profession of nursing is often looked at as taking care of sick people or treating physical well-being. Many do not realize that nursing encompasses so much more than that. It is very important to me to have a positive attitude that transfers to my coworkers and patients. I want to be committed to helping those in need and desire to be able to be a confident health educator. I think it is very important to use the knowledge I have in my area of expertise to instructRead MoreSafeguarding Children Assignment4660 Words   |  19 Pagesspecialist skills of the Health Visitor are crucially important in safeguarding children (HM Government, 2010). In the past decade there has been significant change in nursing and healthcare that has led to a much wider remit for those involved in working with children and subsequently child protection (Hall and Elliman, 2006; Department of Health, 2004); indeed Health Visitors are responding to a national drive to further enhance their contributi on to public health (Department of Health, 2009). It is

Introduction to Chemistry Quiz

Norman Rockwell And The American Academy Of Design

Norman Rockwell was born in 1894 and Died 1978. At the young age of 14, he enrolled in art school in New York City. Two Years later he left High school to study at the National Academy of design. Before studying Norman Rockwell for this paper I honestly had no kind of knowledge about him or any of his work, At least I didn’t think I did. Looking at some of the work that he has done, I noticed I few pieces that I have seen before. One thing that you would notice about all of his paintings. Norman Rockwell is able to paint a vivid picture of whatever you can think of but the way he is able to capture certain situation is uncanny. He is able to capture an image that may have two or three different interpretations of the same photos. (Relative Clause) He is a mastermind at using different works of arts and tying them in together somehow. For intense, the three photos that I decided to use are all contains four boys playing three different sports. In all the sports the four boys a re showing three different emotions. Four sporting boys Basketball will be the first photo. Four boys sporting baseball and the final one American Masters. Four Sporting boys show four young men engaged in a game of basketball like boys their age would be. As you look into the photo you see something different. The boys are in a raging argument about something. (Participle phrase) while the young men stand in a circle fighting you can’t help but notice that they are covered in all types of bandShow MoreRelatedNorman Rockwell s Artistic Success And Tragic Passing Of The Great Artist1189 Words   |  5 PagesNorman Rockwell, a name most have heard if not learned, when the topic of art was ever brought up, was a famous artist and illustrator who depicted the highs and lows of the common man. His art is loved by many today as it was decades ago. Many have seen his work be it online, at an art museum or in an art history book and have been intrigued by his art. I will be covering the early life, artistic success and tragic passing of the great artist, Norman Rockwell. Born in New York City on FebruaryRead MoreCoca-Cola: International Business Strategy for Globalization10128 Words   |  41 Pagescategory and thus cover the range of products available in that category. There are several ways a firm can differentiate its’ products. We focused on two aspects of this; branding and cost leadership. The American Marketing Association defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of other sellers. The objectives of successful branding include; deliveringRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesStevenson, Operations Management, 10th Edition Swink, Melnyk, Cooper, and Hartley, Managing Operations Across the Supply Chain, First Edition Thomke, Managing Product and Service Development: Text and Cases, First Edition Ulrich and Eppinger, Product Design and Development, Fourth Edition Zipkin, Foundations of Inventory Management, First Edition QUANTITATIVE METHODS AND MANAGEMENT SCIENCE Hillier and Hillier, Introduction to Management Science: A Modeling and Case Studies Approach with SpreadsheetsRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesservice purchase, he or she tells six other potential buyers. In contrast, a dissatisfied consumer informs 25 other potential buyers. That is the leverage of quality in shaping consumer sentiment, which is vital in powering the two-thirds of the American economy that is consumer-driven. Therefore, as companies again go back to the business basics, this is a reminder of the most fundamental of those basics: Company managers need to recognize that a business’s income comes from its customers, not fromRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesManager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Ja net Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra

Planned Decision Making

Question: Discuss about the rational decision-making. Answer: Introduction/Summary Campus drift helps various companies to promote themselves amidst the students, and it is done with the support of 450 in-house experts who come up with creative content and ideas for supporting various firms and organizations. Although, the company started off pretty well and had a significant impact on the market in the Asian countries but then soon it was losing the lustre and power of attracting clients. The reason was simple enough to understand, the pay of the experts was fixed without keeping in mind their educational qualifications and experience because of which some experts were getting paid more than their capabilities which led to less profit for the organization while others felt that the pay was below par and hence, they had no motivation for working to the best of their potential. The head or the CEO Nikhilesh Mathews decided to convert the pay system from fixed salary to an incentive model under which base salary was kept high but along with that the additional compen sation was given only to the superior and better experts and secondly, changed the office days system from a six day system to five day system and making the sixth day as WORK FROM HOME. Nikhilesh wanted to publicize the change such that all the workers feel motivated and have the zeal to work harder for the company and a=moreover all the workers will be paid as per their capabilities and the company will also be able to attract more client. Earlier, the experts did not use to entertain customers in an emphatic manner as they were sure of getting fixed salary but now they were tempted by additional pay. Nikhilesh was able to smarty cut down the pay grade and increase the profits for the company and along with that the experts were also happy with the change as they felt alive while working. Some of the major factors which influenced the decision were degrading client base, sloppy and boring work environment, experts taking the wrong advantage of the salary based pay model, downgrading profits of the company, lack of interactive and creative content and the experts did not find themselves accountable for company's downfall. Analysis of rational decision-making Now we know about the changes made in the organization and the outcome of the changes which were made. In case, there is any confusion, let us remind the two necessary changes or decisions which were taken by the CEO of the company, Nikhilesh Mathews. Firstly, the wage system has been modified from a salary based model to an incentive+ base salary model. Secondly, the working days in office were changed from 6days a week system to 5days a wee with the sixth day being converted into WORK FROM HOME. Now let us analyze these decisions with proper tools of rational decision making. We will first examine the decision of changing the pay grade system (The Web, 2016). Before analyzing it with analytical decision-making tools, let us understand the concept of rational decision making. It is a system under which an option is selected over other options through a systematic approach. A manager uses a range of logical step for reviewing the relevant facts, possible outcomes, and observations before finally deciding on a course of action (Boundless, 2016). Step 1 Formulations of goals (Seymour, 2006) Changing the pay grade system from fixed salary system to an incentive + base salary system Changing the office working days from six days to five days a week with the sixth day being WORK FROM HOME. Step 2 Identification of criteria for taking the decision Downgrading value of the company No motivation for the workers to work enthusiastically Attracting more clients with creative experts who have the opportunity to gain more Creating a work-life balance by WORK FROM HOME system Step 3 Identification of alternatives Instead of WORK FROM HOME system, daily working hours could have been reduced from 9hours to 8 hours and half days on Saturdays Dividing the experts in category such as A, B, C, D as per their level of experience and working capacity instead of such a drastic change of changing the wage system Reducing the number of experts and giving the remaining experts same salary and focus on developing these specialists in a much better way Step 4 Performing different analyses The best option is to ask the experts themselves by giving them feedback forms and expect more than 75% of these employees to provide actual information and act accordingly. Conducting polling inside the organization and taking the right decision as per the majority census. Looking at the working of competitor and what suits them best Taking example from some of the successful firms who are in the same business Step 5 Finalization of a decision The final decision made by Nikhilesh for his organization has been entirely correct keeping in mind different limitations and alternatives. The decision has been rational because none of the employees was removed forcefully. If he had decided to curtail hi workforce then, in that case, the company would have had to issue lots of notices and in some cases the expert might have even lodged a case against the company hence, degrading the image of the company s an employer. Curtailing the work hours in such a business like this where demand is more and suppliers are less would mean cutting off profits and in turn the client base. Hence, the decision of WORK FROM HOME is entirely perfect as it provides the fluidity which every expert yearns for in his career and maintains a work-life balance. The following table will help us in understanding the process Analysis of limitations on the decision-making It is important to comprehend the concept of bounded rational decision making. The concept revolves around three unavoidable criteria or circumstances namely the limitation of time which an individual has for taking a decision, it is possible for human mind to evaluate and analyze the available information last but not the least many times only scant information is available, and the effects and repercussions of this information are also not reliable (Web Finance, 2016). The decision making in this company could have been bounded by some reasons namely the person in charge i.e. Nikhilesh was under a lot of stress as the company was rapidly going down, and he had to make a decision quickly. This means that he did not consult a professional before taking such a big decision, and this might have a problem shortly as this decision had been made just eight months ago. Secondly, the decision has been achieved in a short period, and such drastic changes could have been avoided if a bit more research would have done. As per our analysis, the decision has been a good one for the firm, but it could have back fired him as no analytical approach was available. Hence, the decision had limited scope of knowledge on the part of the decision-maker. The decision of work from home might attract the current set of experts to look out for other tasks FROM HOME opportunities from different companies, and this will reduce their productivity in Campus Drift. So, the WORK F ROM HOME activities of these experts needs to be monitored in a proper manner by the company. Incentive base working might lure the experts to exploit more from the client which will result in customers taking help of the business just for once instead of creating longer relationships. Hence, an upper limit should also be set for the workers and this all information has been extracted only after we analyzed the different facets of the decision taken by Nikhilesh. These were missing from his decision making as he is taken the decision to attract the attention of experts and bring about a drastic change in a failing enterprise. Hence, the approach is right, and the decision made has been perfect but it is important to ensure that this ruling is kept intact, and this is possible only by providing certain checkpoints are met by the management and the experts (Doyle, N.D.). Conclusion It can be said that the decisions as mentioned above have been duly analyzed with the help of rational decision-making tool and the final determination has also been passed through the critical eye of the bounded rationality. The firm had a choice of various alternatives, but it seems to have chosen a rational decision but unfortunately, the company is not ready to keep these decisions guarded and intact if some discrepancy happens in near future. Now, when the firm is ready t should ensure that there exists a contingency plan for keeping the company from falling apart and ensuring that all the experts are paid as per their capabilities, and secondly, the experts are not exploiting the clients for increasing their incentives. References Boundless. (2016, May 26).Rational decision making. Retrieved June 24, 2016, Doyle, J.Rational Decision Making. Retrieved June 24, 2016, Editors, F. (2012, October 1).The greatest business decisions of all time. Retrieved June 24, 2016, Seymour, B. (2006). Frames, biases, and rational decision-making in the human brain.Report,313(5787), 684687. WebFinance (2016a). In BusinessDictionary.com. WebFinance (2016b). In BusinessDictionary.com.